DO BUDGET CUTS HURT YOUNG MORE THAN ELDERS?????

DO BUDGET CUTS HURT YOUNG MORE THAN ELDERS


Definition:

A budget is a financial document used to project future income and expenses. The budgeting process may be carried out by individuals or by companies to estimate whether the person/company can continue to operate with its projected income and expenses.

A budget may be prepared simply using paper and pencil, or on computer using a spreadsheet program like Excel, or with a financial application like Quicken or QuickBooks.

The process for preparing a monthly budget includes:

•Listing of all sources of monthly income

•Listing of all required, fixed expenses, like rent/mortgage, utilities, phone

•Listing of other possible and variable expenses.

DISCUSSION:

Budget affect mostly on new generation rather than elders.
Budget cuts could affect early education programs
"Without this program, a lot of people would not be able to make their money to support their families. Without being able to support their family and have employment, then you are stuck on welfare and other programs. We are all trying to stay off those programs," said Melissa Strom, a concerned parent.
In order to control the deficit demand the government interference is must. Due to decrease in demand of product, the investor will invest less amount, employer will not give employment to all person. Both above point are encourage only when the government would spend huge amount of expenditure. Government budget deficit grow directly or indirectly during recession. Directly the govt. would provide subsidies for setting up industries and all the input which is necessary to produce the output at low cost. Indirectly the govt. would encourage the public to invest or increase their consumption by providing good qualities product at reasonable rate. In this way the people will invest more to buy the product at reasonable price. To fulfill the increase in demand the producer will need more workers. Thus the person which are unemployed during recession will get the work. The whole procedure is possiable only with the help of govt. expenditure.
Less Spent on Employee Benefits
Many school districts pay for at least part of their teachers benefits. The amount that the school districts are able to pay typically suffers under budget cuts. This, in effect, is like a pay cut for teachers.

Less to Spend on Materials
One of the first things to go with budget cuts is the already small discretionary fund that teachers get at the beginning of the year. In many schools this fund is almost entirely used to pay for photocopies and paper throughout the year. Other ways that teachers might spend this money is on classroom manipulatives, posters, and other learning tools. However, as budget cuts increase more and more of this is either provided by the by the teachers and their students.

Less School-Wide Material and Technology Purchases
With less money, schools often cut their school-wide technology and material budgets. Teachers and media specialists who have researched and asked for specific products or items will find that these will not be available for their use. While this might not seem to be as big an issues as some of the other items on this list, it is just one more symptom of a wider problem. The individuals who suffer most from this are the students who are not able to benefit from the purchase.

Delays for New Textbooks
Many teachers only have outdated textbooks to give their students. It's not unusual for a teacher to have a social studies textbook that is 10-15 years old. In American History, this would mean that two to three presidents have not even been mentioned in the text. Geography teachers often complain about having textbooks that are so outdated that they aren't even worth giving to their students. Budget cuts just compound this problem. Textbooks are very expensive so schools facing major cuts will often hold off on getting new texts or replacing lost texts.

Less Professional Development Opportunities
While this might not seem like a big deal to some, the truth is that teaching just like any profession, becomes stagnant without continual self improvement. The field of education is changing and new theories and teaching methods can make all the difference in the world for new, struggling, and even experienced teachers. However, with budget cuts these activities are typically some of the first to go.

Less Electives
Schools facing budget cuts typically begin by cutting their electives and either moving teachers to core subjects or eliminating their positions entirely. Students are given less choice and teachers are either moved around or stuck teaching subjects they are not ready to teach.

Larger Classes
With budget cuts come larger classes. Research has shown that students learn better in smaller classes. When there is overcrowding there is a greater likelihood of disruptions. Further, it is much easier for students to fall through the cracks in larger schools and not get the extra help they need and deserve to succeed. Another casualty of larger classes is that teachers are unable to do as many cooperative learning and other more complex activities. They are just too difficult to manage with very large groups.

• Budget cut for education => Increase density of education...
Budget cut of education => Decrease density of education...
How much will the budget cuts affect your studies?
In recent months, universities have been thrown into turmoil with news of spending cuts and that student fees will rise up to £9,000 a year from 2012. But what will this mean for postgraduates? How easy will it be for tomorrow's graduates to fund a Masters course? Will scholarships for PhD students dry up? Will the same wide range of postgraduate courses be available? And what will any changes at this level mean to the future of our universities, our professions and the economy at large?
This is a wise thing to do, according to recent research published by the British Library and the Higher Education Policy Institute, showing that three and a half years after graduation, 94 per cent of postgraduates find work in the professions, compared to 78 per cent of undergraduates.
Professor Steve West, the vice chancellor of the University of the West of England, says future students "are likely to be very focused on what will give them the skill sets they are looking for. They will be seeking out vocational professional programmes, not an MA in history." However, key vocational funding streams are in doubt, he points out. No one knows how teacher training will be supported in the future, "and I don't see how local health authorities will be able to carry on funding their training budgets in the same way."
Professor West says: "Universities are certainly going to be looking at their portfolios. At the end of the day it will be a question of what the market is prepared to pay for."
"The evidence suggests that PhD students thrive in research-intensive environments and that backing institutions with a critical mass of research activity benefits the graduate students, as well as being the most productive way to fund research."
All commentators agree that blended and distance learning courses are increasingly likely to figure in the postgraduate landscape, and that rising student debts and plunging government support could make the postgraduate sector increasingly the preserve of the wealthy – especially as the postgraduate student population tends to reflect the make-up of the undergraduate one.
Paul Wakely, an education studies lecturer at the University of York, who has studied access to postgraduate courses, says: "It's really anyone's guess what the new levels of student debt will mean.
"Studies have shown that debt per se has not seemed to be a deterrent to study. The postgraduate sector is much more varied than the undergraduate one, so no one knows what the future will bring."
Budget cuts will affect every student, need serious dialogue about raising revenue
CEA President Beverly Ingle, commenting to the press today, said the coming K-12 budget cuts will be very painful and very unpopular. “Our students and schools suffered a $260 million cut last year and now we are looking at another $375 million? School will begin next August with at least $500 less in resources for every child.”
Ingle was reflecting the concerns of CEA members across the state who learned today of Gov. Hickenlooper’s 2011-12 budget proposal. She acknowledged that no state program is immune from the impact of a billion-dollar deficit and each school district will decide what to do about the state cuts coming its way.
“We know this is an impossible situation. That said, it’s time to start talking very seriously about a long-term solution to our state’s revenue crisis. Bleeding money from schools is not a sustainable solution.”
CEA members are up for this dialogue, Ingle added, and are interested in working collaboratively with others who care about the future of Colorado — to find a way to raise revenue for the things citizens care about, not just public education but all the essential public services important to the people who live in this state.
CEA members are worried, however, about what the extreme budget cuts will mean across 178 school districts. Many educators are already engaged in conversation and study with their school boards and administration about what the cuts will mean and how to handle them in the coming year, especially given that the state aid cut is anticipated to be so much larger for 2011-12. The possibilities are not pretty. Furlough days, salary freezes, benefit freezes or changes, shorter weeks, program changes or program eliminations, large class sizes, employee lay-offs.

CONCLUSION

In India 60 percent population lays between 20 to 30 years. There are the young generation of India and budget is affected to the youth more than elders among their fashions,nature,expenses….
Mainly budget contains:
1.Taxes,Subsidies..
2.Investment in various industries,increasing production,providing unemployment to youth..
All these terms are involved in budget….


Submitted To: Prof. Gurdeepak Singh
Submitted By: Gagandeep Gupta
MBA-1(C)